In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. Authorities held some detainees under house arrest. The report noted 40 state prisons experienced overcrowding. Rape and Domestic Violence: Federal law criminalizes the rape of men and women, including spousal rape, and conviction carries penalties of up to 20 years imprisonment. The fentanyl has been produced either in China or India and trafficked via Mexico or increasingly produced in Mexico from precursor agents trafficked from China and India. Institutionalized Children: Civil society groups expressed concern regarding abuse of children with mental and physical disabilities in orphanages, migrant centers, and care facilities. Do Not Travel to the States of Colima, Guerrero, Michoacn, or Sinaloa due to crime; or to the State of Tamaulipas due to crime and kidnapping. Conflicts arose from the interpretation of indigenous communities self-governing normative systems. Uses and customs laws apply traditional practices to resolve disputes, choose local officials, and collect taxes, with limited federal or state government involvement. In May voting in prisons occurred for the first time in the countrys modern history after the Federal Electoral Tribunal ruled prisoners in pretrial detention had the right to vote. From May to November, hurricanes may affect the Pacific and Gulf coasts of the Embassys consular district. There were some complaints of illegal searches or illegal destruction of private property. As of August 27, the suspects were awaiting trial. The CNDH maintained a human rights program to inform and assist members of indigenous communities. COVID-19s toll on Mexico should not obscure its challenges in respect to criminal violence and failing anti-crime efforts, writes Vanda Felbab-Brown. open sources and (U) embassy reporting. They use fear and the threat of violence to keep both victims on the line while they urge them to pay a ransom. The law covering misappropriation of trade secrets also covers economic espionage activity.

In July 2020 the CNB launched a public version of the National Registry of Disappeared and Missing Persons. Crime in Italy - Statistics & Facts The absolute number of crimes reported by the police to the judicial authority in Italy decreased in the past years. Demonstrators frequently block city streets or major highways, or take control of major highways, demanding unofficial tolls from travelers. The Executive Secretariat of the National Public Security System reported more than 1,889 killings of women, including 672 femicides, from January to September. Interested private-sector security managers should contact OSACs, U.S. citizens are strongly encouraged to register with the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate through the Department of State's. osac On August 7, Yucatan governor Mauricio Villa announced the arrest of four police officers, but on August 14, a judge set them free due to a lack of evidence. Between January and June, the commission registered that 115,534 women received attention in Justice Centers for Women throughout the country, a 19 percent increase over the same period in 2020. It is also a criminal offense in all states. Abuses of persons with disabilities included the use of physical and chemical restraints; physical and sexual abuse; human trafficking, including forced labor; disappearance; and the illegal adoption of institutionalized children. On June 19, a dispute between factions of the Gulf cartel killed 15 persons in the state of Tamaulipas. Never provide personal information to someone who calls or approaches you, and do not post personal information on social networking sites. Enforcement, however, was inconsistent across the states. Fentanyl coming from Mexico has been killing U.S. drug users at unprecedented rates. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. The reforms also establish an expedited and more transparent judicial process for unions to obtain collective bargaining rights. When approaching a checkpoint, regardless of whether it is official or non-official, cooperate and avoid any actions those in charge may perceived to be suspicious or aggressive. The COVID-19 pandemic generated additional risks and exacerbated vulnerabilities for IDPs, including overcrowding in shelters and difficulty accessing food, basic health care, and education. On October 1, a judge sentenced Fidel Figueroa, mayor of Zacualpan, state of Mexico, to 236 years in prison for murder. Such signaling persisted throughout 2020 even though almost 500 police officers were killed in Mexico last year. State and federal prosecutors are independent of the executive branch and have the final authority to investigate and prosecute security force abuses. In July the Mexico City Prosecutor Generals Office issued the fourth arrest warrant for Roemer. Ensure that they receive training not to volunteer information to strangers or to allow access of workers without prior authorization. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Office of the U.S. Special Presidential Coordinator for the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. In March police officers broke the neck of Salvadoran refugee Victoria Salazar. OSAC is dedicated to maintaining strong bonds between public and private security professionals to provide these organizations with the broadest security perspective and widest scope of support. Most internal affairs units, however, were insufficiently staffed and funded. Meanwhile, hideous murders continued taking place in Mexico, including of women, and of children. In the June midterm elections, citizens voted for all members of the Chamber of Deputies, 15 governors, state legislators, and mayors across the country. From January to August the Mexican Commission to Assist Refugees (COMAR) received 77,559 applications for refugee status, a 41 percent increase from the same period in 2019, and anticipated that it would receive up to 120,000 applications in total by the end of the year. The armed forces operated a military justice system to hold human rights abusers accountable. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights, Section 6.

On July 31, 2018, Popocatepetl spewed volcanic lava and ash 6500 feet into the air. But criminal groups focus on building political capital with local populations has not stopped them, especially the ultra-aggressive and expansionist Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generacin, from seeking to intimidate government officials. Mexico is a multiparty federal republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. Police occasionally failed to provide impoverished detainees access to counsel during arrests and investigations as provided for by law, although the right to public defense during trial was generally respected. See the Department of States International Religious Freedom Report at https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. Labor inspections focused on the formal sector, leaving informal workers with no labor law protection. Corruption: There were numerous reports of government corruption during the year. In March attackers shot and killed Father Gumersindo Cortes in Guanajuato. The CNDH may take on cases from state-level commissions if it receives a complaint that the state commission has not adequately investigated the case. Access to Asylum: Federal law provides for granting asylum, refugee status, or complementary protection to those fleeing persecution or facing possible threats to their life, security, or liberty in their country of origin; this right was generally respected. The government did not restrict or disrupt access to the internet or block or filter online content. The Federal Center also carries out mandatory pre-judicial conciliations at the federal level, with local conciliation centers carrying out the same function at the state level. In 64 of them, the victim was a U.S. citizen, in ten, the victim was a U.S. Legal Permanent Resident, and in 39 cases, the extortion/ransom call targeted a number in the United States. Journalists in Iguala, Guerrero, received anonymous messages through social networks, such as Facebook and WhatsApp, threatening them and their families, according to civil society. Women, children, indigenous persons, persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ persons, and migrants (including men, women, and children) were the most vulnerable to forced labor (see section 7.c.). State police are under the direction of the state's governor.

The new vote took place on August 17-18, and a majority of workers rejected the collective bargaining agreement. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. External links to other internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein, The Overseas Travelers Guide to ATM Skimmers & Fraud, Security in Transit: Airplanes, Public Transport, and Overnights, Insurance Providers for Overseas Coverage. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits the commercial sexual exploitation of children, and authorities generally enforced the law. Labor recruiters enticed families to work during harvests with verbal promises of decent wages and a good standard of living. On August 31, the government suspended the two agents for inappropriate conduct. The voice will usually be crying and/or hysterical, making it difficult to identify and increasing the likelihood that the victim will believe it is their loved one. Most formal-sector workers (70 percent) received between one and three times the minimum wage. Additionally, the INE introduced quotas to promote minority representation, requiring political parties to nominate a certain number of candidates belonging to minority groups, including from indigenous, Afro-Mexican, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) communities, as well as persons with disabilities. More than a third of cargo thefts occurred on the highway from Mexico City to Veracruz. In July the Prosecutor Generals Office arrested seven members, including the leader, of the Tamayo human smuggling organization. For a plaintiff to secure damages against a defendant, authorities first must find the defendant guilty in a criminal case, a significant barrier due to the relatively low number of criminal convictions.

By law the government collected biometric data from migrants. Inspectors generally were permitted to examine the informal sector only in response to complaints. Drug traffickers involved in illegal logging recruited and kidnapped indigenous persons and children in isolated or displaced communities, withheld their wages, forced them to conduct illicit activities, and often threatened death if they tried to leave. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and family members of disappeared persons alleged the prosecutors undercounted the actual number of cases. Defendants have the right to attend the hearings and to challenge the evidence or testimony presented. Federal and state databases were incomplete and had data-crossing problems; forensic systems were highly fragmented between the local, state, and federal levels; and the sheer volume of unsolved cases was far greater than the forensic systems were capable of handling. State search collectives reported being victims, at times fatal, of attacks, threats, and other acts of harassment. Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: unlawful or arbitrary killings by police, military, and other governmental officials; forced disappearance by government agents; torture and degrading treatment by security forces; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest or detention; restrictions on free expression and media, including violence against journalists; acts of corruption; insufficient investigation of and accountability for gender-based violence, including but not limited to domestic and intimate partner violence; crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting persons with disabilities; and crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex persons. The new law so severely restricts the operations of U.S. law enforcement agents in Mexico and so tightly controls Mexican government employees interactions with U.S. counterparts to effectively debilitate meaningful intelligence and security collaboration. This Crime and Safety Report focuses on the Embassys district, which is composed of Mexico City, the southern tip of Tamaulipas State and the following 13 states: Chiapas, Mxico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacn, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quertaro, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz. SensiGuard has determined that cargo theft increased by roughly 127% compared with 2017 levels. As of October the Special Unit for the Investigation and Litigation of the Ayotzinapa case had arrested more than 80 suspects, including army captain Jose Martinez Crespo, an Iguala municipal police officer, and the Iguala municipal police chief. Nonetheless, Quevedo Cruz remained in detention as of September 11. The 45,000-person Jewish community experienced low levels of anti-Semitism. Express kidnappers hold victims for 24-48 hours to maximize withdrawal amounts. Many workers were compelled into forced labor through debt bondage, threats of violence, and nonpayment of wages by recruiters and employers. Penalties for law violations regarding hours and minimum wage were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Government officials stated that the harassment of Catholic priests and evangelical Protestant pastors reflected high levels of generalized violence throughout the country and not targeted attacks based on religious faith. There is serious risk from crime in Mexico City. NGOs alleged that provisions in laws threatened the privacy of internet users by forcing telecommunication companies to retain data for two years, providing real-time geolocation data to police, and allowing authorities to obtain metadata from private communications companies without a court order. As a result he was forced to urinate and defecate in his bed, according to Human Rights Watch. Of the cases, 69 were kidnappings for ransom, 365 were virtual kidnappings, and in eight cases, there was no ransom demand. The ACS Unit cannot recommend a particular individual or location and assumes no responsibility for the quality of service provided. According to NGOs, however, the state search committees often lacked the capacity to fulfill their mandate. In April the STPS suspended a legitimization vote at the General Motors plant in Silao, Guanajuato, due to serious irregularities during the vote. Factors associated with maternal deaths included parents with lower levels of education, poor hospital infrastructure and human capacity, and lack of access to maternity care, especially for pregnant women living in rural areas. webpage for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. In October 2020 the Electoral Tribunal granted registration to three new political parties: Solidary Encounter Party, Progressive Social Networks, and Social Force for Mexico. Despite a government program to transmit public education classes via internet, television, and radio during the pandemic, reports suggested that at least 2.5 million children did not continue their basic education. The government deployed hundreds of security forces to contain the caravan. Penalties were commensurate with other similar laws but were rarely enforced. The mid-year presidential elections and NAFTA renegotiations roused speculation about the political and economic future of the country. Others involved young girls, such as Fatima Aldrighetti. The law allows for the reinstatement of workers if the CAB finds the employer fired the worker without just cause and the worker requests reinstatement; however, the law also exempts broad categories of employees from this protection, including so-called employees of confidence and workers in the job for less than one year. The National Guard and state and municipal police are responsible for enforcing the law and maintaining order. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes.

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Lozoya accused high-level politicians representing multiple parties of complicity in his corrupt acts and was acting as a states witness in trials against them. There were credible reports of sexual assaults against migrants, particularly women, while migrating in and through the country. The reforms provide workers with the right to freely elect union representatives and approve or reject collective bargaining agreements through a secret ballot process before they are registered. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation. Some detainees complained of a lack of access to family members and to counsel after police held persons incommunicado for several days and made arrests arbitrarily without a warrant. The law provides for protections against discrimination based on gender identity. The Federal Center took over registration functions nationwide on November 3 and was preparing to launch a national union registry to contain all files related to union registration and statutes, collective bargaining agreements, and union financial statements. The board identified 3,286 homes in five states for relocation before completion of the construction project. Outsourcing practices made it difficult for workers to identify their legally registered employer, thus limiting their ability to seek redress of labor grievances. NGOs stated authorities failed to investigate torture allegations adequately. OSACs public-private partnership currently consists of over 5,400 organization and 18,000 individual members. According to a 2019 National Child Labor Survey, the number of children ages five to 17 in child labor, including in hazardous household work, was 3.3 million, or approximately 11.5 percent of children in the country. He fled to Israel, and the government requested that the Israeli government issue an arrest warrant and extradite him. international and local public pressure, MACCIHs mandate ended in January 2020 without agreement for its Thefts of a vehicles operating computer and sound system are common crimes. As of July 13, a total of 3,501 prisoners had contracted COVID-19 and 75,162 had received vaccines, according to the CNDH. The National Population Council estimated that in 2020 and 2021, a total of 1,172,000 women had limited access to contraceptives due to COVID-19. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. Although there is no pattern of criminals specifically targeting foreign or U.S. businesses/personnel, criminals will target anyone perceived to be lucrative and vulnerable. Crime and anti-crime security policy in Mexico in 2020 - Brookings Review OSACs Mexico-specific webpage for original OSAC reporting, consular messages, and contact information, some of which may be available only to private-sector representatives with an OSAC password. The CABs were widely alleged to administer these elections with a bias against new, independent unions.

The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. Federal and state labor inspectorates conducted nearly 30,000 labor inspections in formally registered businesses in 2020 but did not conduct inspections in the informal sector. There were reports of security forces using excessive force against demonstrators. In many parts of the country, human smuggling organizations wielded significant power, and media alleged frequent collusion among local authorities. The constitution and law prohibit all forms of forced or compulsory labor, but the government did not effectively enforce the law. See the Department of States Annual Report on International Parental Child Abduction at https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases.

Enrollment of children with disabilities decreased by 40 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Yo Tambien. Between January 1 and August 4, it received 4,119 reports of missing persons and located 3,805 alive and 277 deceased.