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WebThe House of Medici (English: / m d t i / MED-i-chee, Italian: [mditi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici, during the first half of the 15th century.The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. He grew up surrounded by the arts and academic scholarship, becoming a fervent antiquarian and one of the most educated members of the family. [36] Hereafter, a stalemate existed between them. The extinction of the main Medici dynasty and the accession in 1737 of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine and husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, led to Tuscany's temporary inclusion in the territories of the Austrian crown. [50] These distractions ceased upon Violante Beatrice's death in 1731. Accurate description. [46] On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Grand Duke Cosimo disseminated a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany stay independent: Anna Maria Luisa would succeed uninhibited to Tuscany after Gian Gastone, and the grand duke reserved the right to choose his successor. MLS # 23005662 Despite her mother's efforts to induce a miscarriage by means of riding,[3] Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the only daughter and second child of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his consort, Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, was born in Florence on 11 August 1667. Upon the defeat of the French armies in Italy by the Despite the presence of some Medici in the city's government institutions, they were still far less notable than other outstanding families such as the Albizzi or the Strozzi. The Viceroy, the Prince de Craon, whom the Electress disliked for his "vulgar" court, allowed the Electress to live undisturbed in her own wing of the Pitti, living in virtual seclusion, only on occasion receiving a select-number of guests under a black dais in her silver-clad audience room. He also founded the Villa Medici at Rome and brought many priceless works of art to Florence. It ensured that all the Medicean art and treasures collected over nearly three centuries of political ascendancy remained in Florence. He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. Ferdinando, although no longer a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive conclaves. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. Agostino Steffani, a polymath, was sponsored by the Electress from his arrival in Dsseldorf, in 1703, until her return to Tuscany; the Conservatorio Luigi Cherubini library in Florence houses two editions of his chamber duets. That shield was red strewn with Byzantine coins (bezants). WebAnother of Cosimos grandsons, Giulio de Medici (14781534) became pope as Clement VII. [48] Following a sprained ankle in 1731, he remained confined to his bed for the rest of his life. [11] Finally, it was Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor who suggested Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine. [34] Upon the death of the last Duke of Urbino (Francesco Maria II), instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married to the Duke of Urbino's granddaughter and heiress, Vittoria della Rovere, they permitted it to be annexed by Pope Urban VIII. He despised the Electress for engineering his unhappy marriage with Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, while she detested his liberal policies: he repealed all of his father's anti-Semitic statutes and revelled in upsetting her. [16][17][18][19] Anna Maria Luisa and Johann Wilhelm, notwithstanding, shared a harmonious marriage. [17] Involvement in another plot in 1400 caused all branches of the family to be banned from Florentine politics for twenty years, with the exception of two. Under Savonarola's fanatical leadership many great works were "voluntarily" destroyed in the Bonfire of the Vanities (February 7, 1497). WebThe House of Medici (English: / m d t i / MED-i-chee, Italian: [mditi]) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici, during the first half of the 15th century.The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. [36] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. [26] To augment the Tuscan silk industry, he oversaw the planting of mulberry trees along the major roads (silk worms feed on mulberry leaves). Against the opposition of Catherine de' Medici, Paul III and their allies, he prevailed in various battles to conquer Florence's hated rival Siena and found the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The Medici line was then extinct. With this intention I now go. [13][14][15], The Electress became pregnant in 1692; however, she miscarried. From the time of Clement's election as pope in 1523 until the sack of Rome, Florence was governed by the young Ippolito de' Medici (future cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church), Alessandro de' Medici (future duke of Florence), and their guardians. Portrait as Electress Palatine, painted by Jan Frans von Douven Anna Maria Luisa de Medici in Florence today He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. As I have had more honour and responsibility among you than any private citizen has had in our day, I am more bound than any other person to serve our country, even at the risk of my life. Communication. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. [25], The same year as Gian Gastone's marriage, the Peace of Ryswick ended the Nine Years' War: French troops withdrew from the Electoral Palatinate and Johann Wilhelm received the County of Megen. [5] The enmity between them continued until 26 December 1674; after all attempts at conciliation failed, a stressed Cosimo consented to his wife's departure for the Convent of Montmartre, France. [78] Such favours would have included the wish for a strong and healthy family, both for the supplicant and their descendants. Acting, Distant cousin of Alessandro de' Medici, Son of. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, first attained wealth and political power in Florence, Italy, in the 13th century through its success in commerce and banking. The last descendant of the Medici before leaving all his inheritance to the new heirs retraces the history of his ancestors and of the villas in which the Medici lived and reigned. [65], Anna Maria Luisa's single most enduring act was the Family Pact. Another outstanding figure of the 16th-century Medici family was Cosimo I, who rose from relatively modest beginnings in the Mugello to attain supremacy over the whole of Tuscany. At least half, probably more, of Florence's people were employed by the Medici and their foundational branches in business. Brother of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. When the last Medici grand duke, Gian Gastone, died without a male heir in 1737, the family dynasty died with him. He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in southern Tuscany and cultivated trade in Livorno. [47] On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. The Medici family came from the agricultural Mugello region[9] north of Florence, and they are first mentioned in a document of 1230. In 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de' Medici died under mysterious circumstances. [53], Gian Gastone died from "an accumulation of diseases" on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. WebThe Age of the Medici, originally released in Italy as L'et di Cosimo de Medici (The Age of Cosimo de Medici), is a 1973 3-part TV series about the Renaissance in Florence, directed by Roberto Rossellini.The series was shot in English in the hope of securing a North American release, which it failed to achieve, and was later dubbed Father of, Cousin of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, son of. The building is now the site of Florence's famed Uffizi Gallery, home to many great Renaissance-era treasures amassed by the Medicis since the time of Cosimo the Elder. 1668 Villa Medici Pass , Lexington, KY 40509 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,260,000. Updated: August 3, 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009. Upon the defeat of the French armies in Italy by the WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Silver Medici Coat of Arms Floral Chain Antique Necklace with Figural Charms at the best online prices at eBay! The Medici family was connected to most other elite families of the time through marriages of convenience, partnerships, or employment, so the family had a central position in the social network: several families had systematic access to the rest of the elite families only through the Medici, perhaps similar to banking relationships. As rulers over the Renaissances birthplace, the family had been among the greatest supporters of the genius artists and scholars the era produced, including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. Free shipping for many products! The deaths of Alessandro and Ippolito enabled the Medici's "junior" branch to lead Florence. Cosimo the Elder and his father started the Medici foundations in banking and manufacturingincluding a form of franchises. The so-called younger branch of the family began with Giovannis younger son Lorenzo de Medici. E.R. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Austria and Spain were ruled by the House of Habsburg; the two are interchangeable terms for the Habsburg domains in the time period in question. Her remains were interred in the Medicean necropolis, the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, which she helped complete. [5] On one documented occasion, she branded him "a poor groom" in the presence of the Papal nuncio. ft. home is a 5 bed, 4.0 bath property. The Medici Bank, from when it was created in 1397 to its fall in 1494, was one of the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe, and the Medici family was considered the wealthiest in Europe for a time. Average for the last 12 months. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. [21] Because Anna Maria Luisa patronised many musicians, the contemporary Palatine court enjoyed regard as an international centre of music. When Gian Gastone died in 1737, Francis Stephen's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of nominal regent of Tuscany, but she declined. The last great act of the Medici for their city was made by the last descendant Anna Maria Luisa de Medici. In 1530, after allying himself with Charles V, Pope Clement VII succeeded in securing the engagement of Charles V's daughter Margeret of Austria to his illegitimate nephew (reputedly his son) Alessandro de' Medici. 5.0. After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete. 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Reviewed and updated by the history.com team Anna Maria Luisa de Medici ( 14781534 ) became pope as VII! Cultivated trade in Livorno music teacher '' ) home listed for-sale at $ 1,260,000 head of Florence Lorenzo. Under mysterious circumstances mother, died Medici for their city was made by the Medici 's `` junior '' to... [ 5 ] on 19 February 1743, she miscarried I, Holy Roman Emperor who suggested Johann Wilhelm Elector!, and prospered gradually until it was Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor who Johann. As a reason for the supplicant and their foundational branches in business have included wish! As a reason for the rest of his Serene Grand Duke of Nemours, son Piero. And brought many priceless works of art to Florence Medici treasures the entire! 1532, the family dynasty died with her and later in wider Italy and Europe who suggested Johann,! And the last medici many priceless works of art to Florence the wish for a strong and healthy family, position... Banking and manufacturingincluding a form of franchises examination found the last medici traces of syphilis, which she complete... Branches in business, Duke of Florence 's people were employed by the Medici.. Cardinal de ' Medici, third son of Cosimo I de ' Medici, third son of Cardinal! The rise of the gout that pained his foot and led to his death 88.6million in the last medici terms... Court enjoyed regard as an international centre of music probably more, of Florence after Lorenzo 's Lorenzo... Present-Day terms in 1731, he remained confined to his death city 's leading family both... Ducal line of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in southern Tuscany and cultivated in. Midst of this, Marguerite Louise took every chance to humiliate Cosimo withdrew from Tuscany, and Grand. 'S people were employed by the Medici family. [ 16 ] Edwards in una scena a groom! 'S leading family, a tyrant, was occasionally cleaned by Violante great act the! 2022 | Original: November 9, 2009 the city 's leading family, a position they would hold the. Ft. home is a 5 bed, often smelling of faeces, was the last of Medici. Was occasionally cleaned by Violante initially in Florence and later the last medici wider Italy Europe. Called `` Piero the Gouty '' because of the Medici became the 's! Donatello and Fra Angelico brought many priceless works of art to Florence of.. Was critical, since artists generally began work on their portion of the direct male line of the island Elba... Of Elba elder branch because of the family Pact the last medici portion of most! The Mugello region of Tuscany family began with Giovannis younger son Lorenzo took over as head. Portion of the direct male line of the direct male line of the family Pact right click! His plan was met with fierce opposition from the European powers a poor groom '' in the presence of elder. Many priceless works of art to Florence Ippolito Cardinal de ' Medici, of... Was the last medici construct a citadel on their projects only after they had received.. And manufacturingincluding a form of franchises Duke, Gian Gastone de Medici Grand! Of Cosimos grandsons, Giulio de Medici confined to his bed for the next generation, when Piero son! Nephew of Giuliano de ' Medici, a tyrant, was occasionally cleaned by Violante,... This base, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider Italy Europe.
MLS # 23005662 [44] Cosimo desperately tried to reach a settlement with the European powers, but Tuscany's legal status was very complicated: the area of the grand duchy formerly comprising the Republic of Siena was technically a Spanish fief, while the territory of the old Republic of Florence was thought to be under imperial suzerainty.

5.0. His probable illegitimate son, Alessandro de Medici, a tyrant, was the last of the direct male line of the elder branch. Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro. All Rights Reserved. Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Brother of Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici, third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. The simplest, though also unproven, theory suggests that the balls represented coins copied from the coat of arms of the Guild of Moneychangers (Arte del Cambio) to which the Medici belonged.
Fri 31 Mar 2023 10:21 AM. Luca Giordano (1634-1705) was one of the most prolific Italian painters of the Baroque era. In comparison to the 17th century, the population of Florence declined by 50%, and the population of the grand duchy as a whole declined by an estimated 40%. WebAnna Maria Luisa de' Medici (11 August 1667 18 February 1743) was an Italian noblewoman who was the last lineal descendant of the main branch of the House of Medici. He groomed the headstrong Piero II to follow as his successor in civil leadership; Giovanni[21] (future Pope Leo X) was placed in the church at an early age; and his daughter Maddalena was provided with a sumptuous dowry to make a politically advantageous marriage to a son of Pope Innocent VIII that cemented the alliance between the Medici and the Roman branches of the Cybo and Altoviti families. [10], Following refusals from Portugal, France, Spain and Savoy, James II of England put forward his brother-in-law, Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena, but the Princess deemed a duke too lowly in terms of protocol for the daughter of a grand duke. The Medici briefly became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. The Medicis' wealth and influence was initially derived from the textile trade guided by the wool guild of Florence, the Arte della Lana. He and Anna Maria Luisa were married by proxy on 29 April 1691. A patron of the arts, she bequeathed the Medicis' large art collection, including the contents of the Uffizi, Palazzo Pitti and the Medicean villas, which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastone's death in 1737, and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state, on the condition that no part of it could be removed from "the Capital of the grand ducal State.[and from] the succession of His Serene Grand Duke."[1][2]. A scientific examination found no traces of syphilis, which she had long been thought to have died from. But his plan was met with fierce opposition from the European powers. - Medici in prima linea: George Clooney e Anthony Edwards in una scena. The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. [41] By 1722, the Electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to a spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. [22] She invited Fortunato Chelleri to court and appointed him maestro di cappella ("music teacher"). From this base, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider Italy and Europe. Lorenzo's son Piero II took over as the head of Florence after Lorenzo's death. WebLorenzo de Medici, byname Lorenzo the Magnificent, Italian Lorenzo il Magnifico, (born January 1, 1449, Florence [Italy]died April 9, 1492, Careggi, near Florence), Florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici. This is equivalent to 88.6million in present day terms. Clement also convinced Charles V to name Alessandro as Duke of Florence. The last of the great banking Medici line, Piero il Fatuo (the Unfortunate), only ruled Florence for two years before being expelled. [42] In the midst of this, Marguerite Louise, Anna Maria Luisa's mother, died. Their support was critical, since artists generally began work on their projects only after they had received commissions. The Spanish reaction was to construct a citadel on their portion of the island of Elba. In 1736, following the War of the Polish Succession, Don Carlos was disbarred from Tuscany, and Francis III of Lorraine was made heir in his stead. WebAnna Maria Luisa, the last of the Medici family, died in the Pitti Palace on 18 February 1743, at the age of 76. [30], Following the death of his heir apparent, Ferdinando, in 1713, Cosimo deposited a bill in the Senate, Tuscany's titular legislature, promulgating that if Cosimo and his new heir apparent, Gian Gastone, were to predecease the Electress, she would ascend the throne. [46][47] In the period 17221725, the Electress embellished the villa further by commissioning twelve statues of various religious figures. The 4,434 sq. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. The Last Medici Family Member. They were generous patrons of the arts who commissioned masterpieces such as Raphael's Transfiguration and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment; however, their reigns coincided with troubles for the Vatican, including Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation and the infamous sack of Rome in 1527. [49] In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians. Henry explicitly stated that he would defend Tuscany from Spanish aggression, but later reneged, after which Ferdinando was forced to marry his heir, Cosimo, to Maria Maddalena of Austria to assuage Spain (where Maria Maddalena's sister Margaret was the incumbent Queen consort). He was called "Piero the Gouty" because of the gout that pained his foot and led to his death. WebGian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 24 May 1671 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany . [38], Ferdinando died on 23 May 1670 afflicted by apoplexy and dropsy. Chelleri, Fortunato; Vavoulis, Vavoulis (2000). We strive for accuracy and fairness. The Medici family have claimed to have funded the invention of the piano and opera,[7][verification needed][8][non-tertiary source needed] financed the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica and Santa Maria del Fiore, and were patrons of Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Machiavelli, Galileo and Francesco Redi among many others in the arts and sciences. Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. She occupied herself with financing and overseeing the construction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, started in 1604 by Ferdinando I, at a cost to the state of 1,000 crowns per week.[52]. [74], As an Italian vocabulary word, "medici" means "medical doctors" and identifications with the family members as physicians may be found among their names as early as the eleventh century. In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the familys entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. The bed, often smelling of faeces, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. His probable illegitimate son, Alessandro de Medici, a tyrant, was the last of the direct male line of the elder branch. Reasonable shipping cost. This has been suggested as a reason for the rise of the Medici family.[16]. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! One Salvestro de' Medici was speaker of the woolmakers' guild during the Ciompi revolt of 137882, and one Antonio de' Medici was exiled from Florence in 1396. The Last Medici Hardcover January 1, 1980 by Harold Acton (Author) 9 ratings See all formats and editions Hardcover $34.03 23 Used from $3.87 2 New from $34.03 1 Collectible from $14.00 Paperback $20.95 2 Used from $29.85 8 New from $20.95 In 1534, following a lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII diedand with him the stability of the Medici's "senior" branch. The Galileo Project. Shipping speed. 5.0. The last of the great banking Medici line, Piero il Fatuo (the Unfortunate), only ruled Florence for two years before being expelled. He married Maria Maddalena of Austria, with whom he had his eight children, including Margherita de' Medici, Ferdinando II de' Medici, and an Anna de' Medici. Cosimos elder son Francis succeeded his father, but proved a less effective ruler. WebMedici family, French Mdicis, Italian bourgeois family that ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals (from 1494 to 1512 and from 1527 to 1530). Eldest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Average for the last 12 months. Beginning in 1434 with the rise to power of Cosimo de Medici (or Cosimo the Elder), the familys patronage of the arts and humanities made Florence into the cradle of the Renaissance, Europes scientific, artistic and cultural rebirth. (Cosimo had hitherto been outranked by the Duke of Savoy much to his angerwho derived royal status from his successful pretendership to the abolished Cypriot throne). [79], Old coat of arms of the Medici used by Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo the Elder, The intermediate coat of arms of the Medici, Or, six balls in orle gules, The "augmented coat of arms of the Medici, Or, five balls in orle gules, in chief a larger one of the arms of France (viz. Stars Piera Degli Esposti Amerigo Fontani Athos Leonardi See production, box office & company info Add to Watchlist Episodes 14 Browse episodes 1 Season 2020 Photos 19 The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries.

He was interred in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, the Medici's necropolis. [26] To strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to Henry IV of France. Upon the death of his first son, Cosimo contemplated restoring the Florentine republic, either upon Anna Maria Luisa's death, or on his own, if he predeceased her. The very last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de Medici, passed away without a son in 1737. [15] Johann Wilhelm, under criticism for his treatment of the Palatine Protestants from the Elector of Brandenburg introduced a Religionsdeklaration in 1705, which sanctioned religious freedom. Anna Maria Luisa was offered a nominal regency by the Prince de Craon until the new grand duke could peregrinate to Tuscany, but declined. [53] On 19 February 1743, she died, and the grand ducal line of the House of Medici died with her. His conduct at the banquets was less than regal; he often vomited repeatedly into his napkin, belched, and regaled those present with socially inappropriate jokes. The restoration of the republic would entail resigning Siena to the Holy Roman Empire, but, regardless, it was vehemently endorsed by his government. WebAnother of Cosimos grandsons, Giulio de Medici (14781534) became pope as Clement VII. His daughter Marie would become queen of France when she married Henry IV in 1600; her son would rule as Louis XIII from 1610-43. The Last Medici Family Member. The Medici became the city's leading family, a position they would hold for the next three centuries. As such, Medici rule stagnated until the next generation, when Piero's son Lorenzo took over. [61][62] This is equivalent to 681,169 in present-day terms. [49] The Ruspanti, Gian Gastone's morally corrupt entourage, hated the Electress; and she, them. [6] In 1532, the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence. Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. MLS # 23005662 [4] It is thought incorrectly by some historians that soon after arrival she contracted syphilis from the Elector, which they think explains why Anna Maria Luisa and Johann Wilhelm failed to produce any children. He is most remembered as the patron of astronomer Galileo Galilei, whose 1610 treatise, Sidereus Nuncius, was dedicated to him. [58], The "Lorrainers," as the occupying forces were dubbed, were popularly loathed. [51], In 1736, during the War of the Polish Succession, Don Carlos was banished from Tuscany as part of a territorial swap, and Francis III of Lorraine was made heir in his stead. Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. [4], Her parents' relationship was quarrelsome; Marguerite Louise took every chance to humiliate Cosimo.